Koperasi, Akses Pasar, dan Nilai Tambah Kopi Rakyat: Studi Komparatif RantaiNilai Kopi Berbasis Kolektif dan Rantai Nilai Berbasis Pedagang

Abstract

This article examines how different farmer-market institutions shape value addition and income
security in smallholder coffee value chains in Indonesia. The study compares two value-chain models:
cooperative-based coffee marketing and trader-dominated coffee marketing. Using secondary data, policy
reports, and value-chain literature, the article analyzes bargaining power, quality upgrading, price
transmission, certification access, and farmer income stability. The findings show that cooperative-based
chains provide stronger opportunities for quality improvement, collective bargaining, traceability, and access

to specialty markets. However, cooperatives require managerial capacity, trust, working capital, and quality-
control systems. Trader-dominated chains offer liquidity and flexible transactions but often limit farmer

bargaining power and reduce incentives for post-harvest quality upgrading. The novelty of this article lies in
linking institutional economics, value-chain governance, and smallholder upgrading in a comparative
framework. The article argues that value addition in coffee farming is not determined only by agroecological
quality but by institutional arrangements that govern quality standards, information flows, and market access.
The study contributes to agricultural sciences and agribusiness policy by proposing that farmer institutions
should be treated as productive infrastructure, not merely social organizations.