Adaptasi Petani Hortikultura terhadap Variabilitas Iklim: Perbandingan SistemDataran Tinggi dan Dataran Rendah

Abstract

This article analyzes climate adaptation strategies among horticultural farmers in highland and
lowland agroecosystems in Indonesia. Horticulture is highly sensitive to temperature, rainfall variability, pest
outbreaks, and market volatility. Using a comparative case-study design based on secondary climate reports,
agricultural policy documents, and scholarly literature, this study compares two contrasting agroecological
systems: highland vegetable production and lowland horticultural production. The findings show that
highland farmers face risks associated with temperature shifts, soil erosion, rainfall intensity, and pest
migration, while lowland farmers are more exposed to flooding, heat stress, waterlogging, and market
disruption. Adaptation strategies also differ: highland systems rely more on terracing, crop rotation,
protective cultivation, and pest monitoring, whereas lowland systems prioritize drainage, water management,
planting-calendar adjustment, and heat-tolerant varieties. The article argues that adaptive capacity is not
merely a function of farmer knowledge but emerges from the interaction between climate exposure,
ecological infrastructure, extension services, and market access. The novelty lies in developing a
differentiated adaptation framework for horticultural systems across agroecological zones. The article
contributes to agricultural sciences by linking climate-risk theory with comparative agroecosystem analysis
and policy-oriented adaptation planning.