Kapasitas Adopsi Teknologi Pertanian Presisi dan Stabilitas Produktivitas Padi: Studi Komparatif Sistem Sawah Irigasi Intensif dan Sawah Tadah Hujan di Indonesia

Abstract

This article examines how differences in agroecological conditions and institutional capacity shape the adoption of precision agriculture technologies among rice farmers in irrigated and rainfed rice systems in Indonesia. The study uses a comparative case-study design based on secondary agricultural statistics, policy documents, climate-risk reports, and scholarly literature. The comparison focuses on irrigated rice systems, represented by major lowland rice production areas, and rainfed rice systems, represented by drought-prone rice landscapes. The article argues that precision agriculture adoption cannot be explained solely by technology availability. Rather, adoption outcomes are mediated by irrigation reliability, farmer organization, extension quality, input access, and the ability to convert digital information into operational farm decisions. The findings show that irrigated systems offer stronger conditions for yield stabilization because water control enables farmers to synchronize planting, fertilizer application, pest monitoring, and harvesting. Conversely, rainfed systems face higher climate exposure and greater uncertainty, making digital tools useful but insufficient without collective water governance and adaptive extension. The novelty of this article lies in integrating adoption theory, agroecological risk, and institutional capacity into a comparative framework for explaining uneven technological transformation in rice farming. The study contributes to agricultural sciences by proposing an institutional-agroecological model of precision agriculture adoption.